Complicated vs Complex
A critical distinction for knowing which management approach fits the situation. Complicated domains contain knowable cause-and-effect relationships—expertise and analysis work here. Complex domains involve emergent, unpredictable dynamics where cause and effect are only coherent in retrospect—here, expertise can mislead because past patterns don't reliably predict future behavior.
Decision Domain Mapping
The discipline of identifying which logic—complicated or complex—applies to a situation before committing resources. It requires leaders to resist organizational pressure toward false confidence and recognize that planning has a domain of validity.